Bicarbonate, also known as hydrogen carbonate, is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO₃ when in its sodium form, commonly referred to as baking soda. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the pH balance in various biological systems, including the human body, where it helps regulate acidity in the blood. In addition to its biological importance, bicarbonate is widely used in cooking, cleaning, and as an antacid to relieve heartburn. It can also be found in natural sources like mineral springs and is an essential component in the carbon cycle, contributing to the buffering capacity of natural waters.