Canine evolution refers to the development of dogs and their ancestors over millions of years. It is believed that modern dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) descended from wolves (Canis lupus) around 20,000 to 40,000 years ago. Early humans domesticated these wolves for companionship, hunting, and protection, leading to the diverse breeds we see today. The process of evolution involved natural selection, where traits beneficial for survival were passed down through generations. Over time, selective breeding by humans further shaped the characteristics of dogs, resulting in various breeds adapted for specific tasks, such as herding, guarding, and companionship.