The domestic dog, scientifically known as Canis lupus familiaris, is a subspecies of the gray wolf. They have been bred for thousands of years for various traits, resulting in a wide range of breeds with different sizes, shapes, and temperaments. Dogs are known for their loyalty and companionship, making them popular pets around the world. Dogs are social animals that thrive on interaction with humans and other animals. They possess a keen sense of smell and hearing, which makes them valuable in roles such as service animals, search and rescue, and police work. Their ability to learn commands and perform tasks has made them an integral part of many households and communities.