Canis lupus familiaris, commonly known as the domestic dog, is a subspecies of the gray wolf. They are part of the family Canidae and are known for their diverse breeds, which vary in size, shape, and temperament. Dogs have been domesticated for thousands of years, serving various roles such as companions, working animals, and service animals. Dogs are highly social animals and often form strong bonds with humans. They communicate through vocalizations, body language, and facial expressions. Their keen sense of smell and hearing makes them valuable in roles such as search and rescue, therapy, and assistance for individuals with disabilities, including those with conditions like autism or visual impairments.