Cancer biology is the study of how cancer cells develop, grow, and spread in the body. It focuses on the genetic and environmental factors that lead to the transformation of normal cells into cancerous ones. Researchers investigate the mechanisms behind cell division, signaling pathways, and the role of mutations in genes such as oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Understanding cancer biology helps scientists develop targeted therapies and improve treatment strategies. By studying the tumor microenvironment and the immune response, researchers aim to find ways to enhance the body's ability to fight cancer. This knowledge is crucial for advancing personalized medicine and improving patient outcomes.