The tumor microenvironment refers to the surrounding cells, molecules, and blood vessels that interact with a tumor. This environment plays a crucial role in tumor growth and progression, influencing how cancer cells behave. It includes various components such as immune cells, fibroblasts, and extracellular matrix, all of which can either support or hinder tumor development. Understanding the tumor microenvironment is essential for developing effective cancer therapies. By targeting the interactions within this environment, researchers aim to improve treatment outcomes. This approach can help in designing drugs that not only attack the tumor cells but also modify the supportive elements in the microenvironment.