Calendering is a manufacturing process used to create thin sheets or films of materials, primarily in the rubber and plastic industries. It involves passing raw material through a series of heated rollers, which compress and shape the material into a uniform thickness. This process is essential for producing products like rubber sheets, plastic films, and textile coatings. The calendering process can also enhance the material's properties, such as smoothness and flexibility. By adjusting the temperature and pressure of the rollers, manufacturers can achieve specific characteristics tailored to their needs. This technique is widely used in the production of items like tires and synthetic leather.