Block caving is a mining method used to extract minerals from underground deposits. It involves creating a series of tunnels and then allowing the rock above to collapse under its own weight. This process breaks the ore into smaller pieces, making it easier to transport and process. This technique is often used for large, low-grade ore bodies, such as those containing copper or gold. Block caving is considered cost-effective and efficient, as it minimizes the need for drilling and blasting, reducing both labor and equipment costs in the mining operation.