Black spots, commonly known as freckles, are small, flat, brownish spots that appear on the skin, primarily due to sun exposure. They are caused by an increase in melanin production, which is the pigment responsible for skin color. Freckles are most often found on areas of the skin that are frequently exposed to sunlight, such as the face, arms, and shoulders. Freckles are generally harmless and do not require treatment. However, some people may choose to lighten or remove them for cosmetic reasons. It's important to protect the skin from excessive sun exposure to prevent the formation of new freckles and reduce the risk of skin damage.