Freckles are small, flat, brown spots that appear on the skin, primarily due to exposure to sunlight. They are most commonly found on areas that are frequently exposed, such as the face, arms, and shoulders. Freckles are caused by an increase in melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color, and are more prevalent in individuals with lighter skin tones. While freckles are harmless and do not require treatment, some people may choose to lighten or remove them for cosmetic reasons. They are often associated with genetics, as they tend to run in families. Freckles can become more pronounced during the summer months when skin is exposed to more UV radiation.