bipartite graphs
A bipartite graph is a type of graph that consists of two distinct sets of vertices, where edges only connect vertices from different sets. This means that no two vertices within the same set are connected by an edge. Bipartite graphs are often used to model relationships between two different groups, such as students and courses.
In a bipartite graph, the two sets can be denoted as U and V. Each vertex in set U can be connected to one or more vertices in set V, but not to other vertices in U. This structure is useful in various applications, including network flow problems and matching problems in computer science and mathematics.