Biological damage refers to harm caused to living organisms due to various factors, such as radiation, chemicals, or pathogens. This damage can affect cells, tissues, and organs, leading to diseases or dysfunction. For example, exposure to radiation can cause mutations in DNA, potentially resulting in cancer. In addition to radiation, toxic substances like heavy metals or pesticides can also cause biological damage. These substances may disrupt normal biological processes, leading to health issues in both humans and wildlife. Understanding biological damage is crucial for developing strategies to protect ecosystems and public health.