Biodegradation is the process by which organic substances are broken down by living organisms, typically microorganisms like bacteria and fungi. This natural process helps recycle nutrients in the environment, converting complex materials into simpler compounds. Biodegradable materials, such as food waste and paper, can decompose efficiently, reducing pollution and waste in landfills. The rate of biodegradation can be influenced by factors such as temperature, moisture, and the presence of oxygen. Some materials, like plastics, are not easily biodegradable and can persist in the environment for many years. Understanding biodegradation is essential for managing waste and promoting sustainability in our ecosystems.