The term "beatniks" refers to a group of American writers and artists in the 1950s who were part of the Beat Generation. They rejected conventional society and embraced alternative lifestyles, often exploring themes of spirituality, sexuality, and social criticism in their work. Notable figures included Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg, who sought to challenge the norms of their time through literature and poetry. Beatniks were characterized by their distinctive fashion, often wearing black clothing, berets, and sunglasses. They frequented coffeehouses and jazz clubs, where they would gather to share ideas and perform poetry. This cultural movement laid the groundwork for later countercultural movements in the 1960s, influencing music, art, and literature.