Barotrauma is a medical condition that occurs when there is a significant difference in pressure between the inside of the body and the surrounding environment. This often happens during activities like scuba diving or flying, where rapid changes in altitude can affect air-filled spaces in the body, such as the ears and sinuses. Symptoms may include pain, discomfort, or even injury to these areas. The condition can lead to complications if not addressed promptly. For example, divers may experience ear barotrauma, which can cause hearing loss or damage to the eardrum. Treatment typically involves equalizing pressure, using decongestants, or seeking medical attention for severe cases.