A barium swallow test is a medical imaging procedure used to examine the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including the esophagus, stomach, and the beginning of the small intestine. During the test, a patient drinks a liquid containing barium sulfate, a contrast material that helps highlight the GI tract on X-ray images. This allows doctors to identify any abnormalities, such as strictures, tumors, or inflammation. The procedure typically takes about 30 minutes and is performed in a radiology department. Patients may be asked to change positions to capture different angles of the GI tract. After the test, the barium usually passes through the body naturally, but patients are advised to drink plenty of fluids to help eliminate it.