A barium swallow test is a medical imaging procedure used to examine the upper gastrointestinal tract, including the esophagus and stomach. During the test, a patient drinks a liquid containing barium, a contrast material that helps highlight the area on X-ray images. This allows doctors to identify any abnormalities, such as strictures, tumors, or inflammation. The procedure is typically performed in a radiology department. After drinking the barium, a series of X-rays are taken while the patient swallows. The test is generally safe, but patients may experience temporary constipation or discomfort from the barium.