Bariatric surgery refers to a group of surgical procedures designed to help individuals with severe obesity lose weight. These surgeries work by altering the digestive system, either by reducing the size of the stomach or by bypassing parts of the intestines. Common types include gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy. Patients typically undergo bariatric surgery when other weight loss methods, such as diet and exercise, have failed. The procedure can lead to significant weight loss and improve obesity-related health conditions, such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension. However, it requires a commitment to lifestyle changes for long-term success.