Backtracking is a problem-solving technique used in computer science and mathematics to find solutions by exploring all possible options. It involves making a series of choices and, if a choice leads to a dead end, the algorithm retraces its steps to try a different option. This method is often applied in puzzles, such as the N-Queens problem or Sudoku, where multiple configurations need to be tested. The process of backtracking can be visualized as a tree structure, where each branch represents a choice. When a solution is found, the algorithm can stop, but if not, it continues to backtrack until all possibilities are exhausted. This approach is efficient for problems with a large search space, as it eliminates paths that are not viable.