Arterial narrowing, also known as stenosis, occurs when the blood vessels become constricted, reducing blood flow. This can happen due to the buildup of fatty deposits, known as plaque, on the artery walls. As the arteries narrow, the heart must work harder to pump blood, which can lead to various health issues. Common causes of arterial narrowing include atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, and smoking. Symptoms may vary, but they can include chest pain or discomfort, especially during physical activity. If left untreated, arterial narrowing can increase the risk of serious conditions like heart attacks or strokes.