Artemisinin is a natural compound derived from the leaves of the sweet wormwood plant, known scientifically as Artemisia annua. It is primarily used as an effective treatment for malaria, a serious disease caused by parasites transmitted through mosquito bites. Artemisinin works by targeting the malaria parasites in the bloodstream, helping to reduce their numbers and alleviate symptoms. This compound is often used in combination with other medications to enhance its effectiveness and reduce the risk of resistance. The World Health Organization recommends artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) as the standard treatment for malaria, making it a crucial tool in global health efforts against this disease.