Ancient warfare refers to the military conflicts that occurred in early civilizations, often involving organized armies and strategic battles. These conflicts were typically fought for resources, territory, or power, and they utilized weapons such as swords, spears, and bows. Notable ancient civilizations involved in warfare include the Romans, Greeks, and Persians. Tactics in ancient warfare varied widely, with formations like the phalanx used by the Greeks and the legion by the Romans. Siege warfare was also common, where armies would attempt to capture fortified cities. The outcomes of these battles often shaped the course of history and influenced the development of societies.