Ancient battles were significant conflicts fought by early civilizations, often over territory, resources, or power. Notable examples include the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC, where the Athenians defeated the Persians, and the Battle of Gaugamela in 331 BC, where Alexander the Great triumphed over the Persian Empire. These battles shaped the course of history and influenced the development of military strategies. Weapons and tactics varied widely in ancient warfare. Armies used swords, spears, and bows, while formations like the phalanx were common among the Greeks. The outcomes of these battles often determined the rise and fall of empires, impacting cultures and societies for generations.