Alpha cells are specialized cells located in the pancreas, specifically in the islets of Langerhans. Their primary function is to produce and secrete the hormone glucagon, which plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels. When blood sugar levels drop, alpha cells release glucagon to stimulate the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose, thereby increasing blood sugar levels. In addition to their role in glucose metabolism, alpha cells work in conjunction with beta cells, which produce insulin. Together, these cells help maintain a balanced blood sugar level, ensuring that the body has a steady supply of energy. Proper functioning of alpha cells is essential for overall metabolic health.