The pancreatic islets, also known as islets of Langerhans, are small clusters of cells located within the pancreas. They play a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels by producing hormones such as insulin and glucagon. These hormones help maintain the balance of glucose in the bloodstream, which is essential for energy and overall health. The pancreatic islets consist of different types of cells, including alpha cells, which produce glucagon, and beta cells, which produce insulin. When blood sugar levels rise, beta cells release insulin to lower glucose levels, while alpha cells release glucagon when levels drop, raising glucose levels. This intricate system helps ensure the body functions properly.