An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure or formula for solving a problem or completing a task. It provides a clear set of instructions that can be followed to achieve a specific outcome. Algorithms are used in various fields, including computer science, mathematics, and everyday decision-making. In computer programming, algorithms help computers perform tasks efficiently. For example, a sorting algorithm organizes a list of numbers or names in a specific order. Algorithms can vary in complexity, from simple calculations to intricate processes used in artificial intelligence, such as those developed by Alan Turing or used in machine learning.