Algal blooms are rapid increases in the population of algae in water bodies, often resulting in a green, murky appearance. These blooms can occur in both freshwater and marine environments and are typically caused by excess nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, from sources like agricultural runoff and wastewater. While some algal blooms are harmless, others can produce toxins that are harmful to aquatic life, animals, and humans. These toxic blooms can lead to hypoxia, a condition where oxygen levels in the water drop, causing fish and other organisms to suffocate. Monitoring and managing nutrient levels is essential to prevent harmful algal blooms.