Agarwood, also known as oud or aloeswood, is a fragrant dark wood that forms in the heartwood of the Aquilaria tree when it becomes infected with a specific type of mold. This infection triggers the tree to produce a dense, aromatic resin as a defense mechanism, which is highly valued for its unique scent. The wood is primarily found in tropical regions of Asia, particularly in countries like India, Vietnam, and Indonesia. Agarwood is used in various applications, including traditional incense, perfumes, and medicinal products, making it a sought-after commodity in both cultural and commercial markets.