Active euthanasia refers to the intentional act of ending a person's life to relieve them from suffering, typically in cases of terminal illness or severe pain. This process involves a healthcare professional administering a lethal substance, which results in the patient's death. It is a controversial practice and is legal in some regions under specific circumstances. The ethical and legal aspects of active euthanasia vary widely across different countries and cultures. In places where it is permitted, such as the Netherlands and Canada, strict guidelines are in place to ensure that the decision is voluntary and well-considered by the patient.