The Zimbabwean Liberation War, also known as the Second Chimurenga, took place from 1964 to 1979. It was a conflict between the white-minority government of Rhodesia, led by Ian Smith, and various nationalist groups seeking independence for the black majority. The main groups involved were the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) and the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU), which fought against colonial rule and racial discrimination. The war ended with the signing of the Lancaster House Agreement in 1979, leading to recognized independence for Zimbabwe in 1980. This agreement facilitated democratic elections, resulting in Robert Mugabe becoming the country's first Prime Minister. The war significantly shaped Zimbabwe's political landscape and social dynamics.