Zimbabwe's history dates back to ancient times, with the rise of the Great Zimbabwe civilization in the 11th century. This kingdom was known for its impressive stone structures and trade networks, connecting Africa to the Middle East and Asia. The region was later influenced by various groups, including the Shona people, who played a significant role in its cultural development. In the late 19th century, European colonization began, leading to the establishment of Southern Rhodesia by the British. After years of struggle, Zimbabwe gained independence in 1980, with Robert Mugabe becoming its first prime minister. The country has since faced political and economic challenges, impacting its development.