Zhang Zhidong was a prominent Chinese politician and industrialist during the late Qing Dynasty. Born in 1837, he played a crucial role in modernizing China's economy and military. He was known for advocating the adoption of Western technology and education to strengthen China against foreign powers. Zhang served as the governor of several provinces, including Hubei and Guangdong. He was instrumental in establishing the Hanyang Arsenal and promoting the development of railways and telegraphs. His efforts contributed significantly to the early stages of China's industrialization and modernization during a time of great upheaval.