Zetian is a term that refers to the historical figure Wu Zetian, who was the only female emperor in Chinese history. She ruled during the Tang Dynasty from 690 to 705 AD. Wu Zetian initially rose to power as a concubine and later became the empress, known for her political acumen and efforts to promote Buddhism. During her reign, Zetian implemented various reforms, including the promotion of meritocracy in government positions. She is often remembered for her controversial methods of consolidating power, which included eliminating rivals and using propaganda to enhance her image. Her legacy remains a topic of interest in Chinese history.