Wu Zetian was the only female emperor in Chinese history, ruling during the Tang Dynasty from 690 to 705 AD. She initially rose to power as a concubine of Emperor Taizong and later became the wife of his successor, Emperor Gaozong. After his death, she effectively controlled the throne, eventually declaring herself emperor. Wu Zetian is known for her significant political reforms and efforts to promote meritocracy in the government. She supported the Buddhism religion and established a strong central government, which helped stabilize the empire during her reign. Her rule remains a subject of fascination and debate in Chinese history.