Xerostomia, commonly known as dry mouth, occurs when the salivary glands do not produce enough saliva. This condition can lead to difficulties in speaking, chewing, and swallowing, as well as an increased risk of dental issues such as cavities and gum disease. Several factors can contribute to xerostomia, including certain medications, medical conditions like diabetes or Sjogren's syndrome, and lifestyle choices such as smoking. Treatment options often involve using saliva substitutes, staying hydrated, and practicing good oral hygiene to alleviate symptoms and protect oral health.