William II, Grand Duke of Luxembourg was born on April 27, 1792, and reigned from 1840 until his death in 1849. He was the son of William I of the Netherlands and became the first Grand Duke of Luxembourg after the country was elevated from a duchy to a grand duchy. His reign was marked by efforts to modernize the state and improve its infrastructure. During his rule, William II faced political challenges, including demands for constitutional reform. He ultimately agreed to a new constitution in 1848, which established a parliamentary system and expanded civil liberties. His reign ended when he abdicated in favor of his son, Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg.