The Wilhelmine Era refers to the period in German history during the reign of Emperor Wilhelm II from 1888 to 1918. This time was marked by significant industrial growth, military expansion, and the rise of Germany as a major European power. The era also saw the development of a distinct national identity and cultural movements, including advancements in art and science. Politically, the Wilhelmine Era was characterized by a complex relationship between the monarchy and the growing influence of political parties and social movements. The period ended with Germany's defeat in World War I, leading to the abdication of Wilhelm II and the establishment of the Weimar Republic.