Wilhelm III of the Netherlands was born on February 19, 1817, and became king in 1849 after the death of his mother, Queen Anna Paulowna. He ruled until his death in 1890, making significant contributions to the modernization of the Dutch state and its economy. During his reign, Wilhelm III faced various challenges, including political conflicts and social changes. He was known for his strong personality and sometimes controversial decisions, which included his opposition to parliamentary democracy. His reign ended when he died on November 23, 1890, leaving behind a complex legacy.