Western tonal harmony is a system of music composition that emerged in Europe during the late Middle Ages and became prominent in the Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, and Romantic periods. It is characterized by the use of scales, chords, and functional relationships between them, creating a sense of tension and resolution. The major and minor scales are foundational, with harmony built on triads and seventh chords. In tonal harmony, music typically revolves around a central tonic note, establishing a key. Composers use various techniques, such as modulation and counterpoint, to create interest and complexity. This system has influenced many genres, including classical, jazz, and popular music.