The Western Schism (1378-1417) was a significant split within the Roman Catholic Church, marked by rival popes claiming authority. It began when the papacy returned to Rome from Avignon, leading to the election of two popes: Urban VI in Rome and Clement VII in Avignon. This division caused confusion and conflict among Christians, as different regions supported different popes. The schism persisted for nearly 40 years, resulting in political and religious turmoil across Europe. It was eventually resolved at the Council of Constance (1414-1418), which deposed the rival popes and elected Martin V as the sole pope, restoring unity to the Church.