The term "Papal Schism" refers to a significant division within the Roman Catholic Church, particularly during the late 14th and early 15th centuries. The most notable instance is the Western Schism, which began in 1378 when two rival popes were elected: one in Rome and another in Avignon. This split led to confusion and conflict among Christians, as different regions supported different popes. The schism was eventually resolved at the Council of Constance in 1417, which ended the division by electing a single pope, Martin V. The resolution helped restore unity within the Church, but the schism highlighted the political and spiritual challenges faced by the papacy during that era.