Wernicke's encephalopathy is a neurological condition caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1). It is often associated with chronic alcoholism, but can also occur in individuals with malnutrition or certain medical conditions. The condition is characterized by a triad of symptoms: confusion, eye movement abnormalities, and ataxia (loss of coordination). If left untreated, Wernicke's encephalopathy can lead to serious complications, including Korsakoff syndrome, which involves memory problems and confabulation. Early diagnosis and treatment with thiamine supplementation are crucial for recovery and to prevent long-term neurological damage.