Korsakoff syndrome is a chronic neurological disorder caused primarily by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1), often associated with prolonged alcohol abuse. It is characterized by severe memory problems, including difficulty forming new memories and recalling past events. Individuals may also experience confabulation, where they create false memories to fill in gaps. The syndrome is often linked to Wernicke's encephalopathy, a related condition that can occur due to thiamine deficiency. Early diagnosis and treatment with thiamine supplementation can help improve symptoms, but some cognitive impairments may persist. Long-term management often involves addressing underlying issues, such as alcohol dependence.