Water-based mud is a type of drilling fluid primarily composed of water and various additives. It is commonly used in the oil and gas industry to facilitate the drilling process. The water serves as the base, while additives like clays and polymers enhance its properties, such as viscosity and stability. This mud helps to cool and lubricate the drill bit, remove cuttings from the wellbore, and maintain pressure to prevent blowouts. Its environmental impact is generally lower than that of oil-based muds, making it a preferred choice in many drilling operations, especially in sensitive areas.