Environmental remediation is the process of cleaning up and restoring contaminated land and water to protect human health and the environment. This can involve removing pollutants, treating contaminated soil or water, and restoring ecosystems. Common contaminants include heavy metals, chemicals, and petroleum products, which can come from industrial activities, waste disposal, or accidents. Techniques used in environmental remediation vary depending on the type and extent of contamination. Methods may include bioremediation, where microorganisms break down pollutants, or excavation, where contaminated soil is removed. The goal is to make the environment safe for people, wildlife, and plants, ensuring a healthier ecosystem.