Water metabolism disorders refer to conditions that affect the body's ability to regulate water balance. This can lead to either excessive water retention, known as hyponatremia, or inadequate water retention, resulting in dehydration. These disorders can disrupt the normal functioning of cells and organs, leading to various health issues. Common causes of water metabolism disorders include hormonal imbalances, such as those involving antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and certain medical conditions like kidney disease. Treatment typically focuses on addressing the underlying cause and restoring proper fluid balance through dietary changes, medications, or other interventions.