Wafer handling refers to the processes involved in managing and transporting semiconductor wafers during manufacturing. These wafers, typically made of silicon, are thin slices used to create integrated circuits. Proper handling is crucial to prevent contamination, damage, or defects that could affect the performance of the final products. Techniques for wafer handling include using specialized equipment like wafer carriers and robotic arms to minimize human contact. Cleanroom environments are essential to maintain the purity of the wafers, as even tiny particles can lead to significant issues in the production of microchips and other electronic components.