Vote splitting occurs when multiple candidates from similar political backgrounds compete in an election, leading to a division of votes among them. This can result in a candidate from a different party winning, even if they receive fewer overall votes. For example, if two candidates from the same party run for office, they may split the votes of their supporters, allowing a candidate from another party to secure a victory. This phenomenon is particularly significant in elections with multiple candidates, such as those for Congress or local offices. It highlights the importance of strategic voting and the potential impact of third-party candidates on election outcomes.