The Vietnamese struggle against French colonialism began in the late 19th century when France took control of Vietnam, exploiting its resources and imposing foreign rule. The Vietnamese people faced harsh treatment, leading to widespread discontent and resistance. Many groups formed to fight for independence, including the Vietnamese Nationalist Party and later the Communist Party under leaders like Ho Chi Minh. As the struggle intensified, various uprisings and movements emerged, culminating in the First Indochina War after World War II. The Vietnamese fought bravely for their freedom, ultimately leading to the defeat of the French at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu in 1954, marking a significant victory in their quest for independence.