The Vietnamese struggle against French colonial rule began in the mid-19th century when France invaded and established control over Vietnam. The French imposed harsh taxes, exploited resources, and suppressed local culture, leading to widespread discontent among the Vietnamese people. Resistance movements emerged, with notable figures like Ho Chi Minh advocating for independence. The struggle intensified in the early 20th century, culminating in the First Indochina War after World War II. Ultimately, the Vietnamese fought for their sovereignty, leading to the end of French colonial rule in 1954 with the victory at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu.